tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-18182708094991716762024-02-18T21:13:17.121-08:00Secondary English Student“The important thing is not to stop questioning.” -Albert Einsteinelenahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07981600886806730443noreply@blogger.comBlogger38125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1818270809499171676.post-13554438847648167232018-03-01T10:01:00.002-08:002018-03-01T10:01:17.521-08:00Murmuration; a natural phenomenon destroyed by a council.<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Cambria; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">I’ve learnt a new word; murmuration. According to the
Oxford dictionary murmuration means both the act of murmuring, and a flock of
starlings. However, the word has come to mean not just a flock of starlings,
but the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">movement</i> the birds make. It
is a phenomenon of nature that amazes and delights those lucky enough to
witness it, as the birds whirl in an ever-changing pattern. It is worth looking
at the video.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<iframe width="320" height="266" class="YOUTUBE-iframe-video" data-thumbnail-src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/M1Q-EbX6dso/0.jpg" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/M1Q-EbX6dso?feature=player_embedded" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Cambria; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">In the winter months thousands of starlings come
together to roost in trees for the night. Before settling, however, they put on
aerial displays, swooping and diving in unison. Why do they do this? The
ornithologists tell us that they do it for various reasons. It gives them
safety in numbers as birds of prey which are hunting them </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: Cambria; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">find it hard to target one
bird in the middle of a hypnotising flock of thousands. They also do it to keep
warm at nights and to exchange information.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: Cambria; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">If you watch the
video you will see how sometimes the murmuration splits into two. This can be
caused by a bird of prey being present while hunting. It might remind you of
shoals of fish which separate when attacked by a predator. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: Cambria; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">It has become a
popular pass time visiting the roosting sites to see this mesmerising natural
phenomenon. Nevertheless, not everybody is so delighted with the roosting birds.
They do make a lot of noise and a lot of mess. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: Cambria; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">In Winchester,
recently, the council was forced to cut down a group of fir trees because of
the starlings. They received complaints from the emergency services that their
vehicles had been rendered useless because of the birds’ droppings. This was
endangering people’s lives because the emergency staff had to clean their cars
before being able to attend the emergency call. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: Cambria; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: Cambria; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">The council
decided that the solution to this problem was cutting down the trees in which
the starlings roosted. This caused a great outrage as spectators turned up to
watch the murmuration only to find the starlings had lost their home! Surely it
would have been simpler and less costly to have moved the vehicles. Acts like
this show a great lack of discernment.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: Cambria; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">Such amazing and
delightful natural phenomenon like murmurations can not be produced by human
intelligence. This is, perhaps, just as well, considering the lack of
brainpower showed by some of the authorities. Murmurations need to be protected
for our future.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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elenahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07981600886806730443noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1818270809499171676.post-50243880980118263052018-01-28T03:56:00.000-08:002018-01-28T03:56:25.300-08:00From vultures' wings to Eigenharp: what is the future for music?<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: Georgia, Utopia, 'Palatino Linotype', Palatino, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19px; text-align: justify;">A few weeks ago I heard somebody ‘’spooning’’. Not knowing what this verb meant I was surprised to learn that it meant playing the spoons to produce music! The idea that you can create music from everyday objects captured my imagination and I did some investigation. </span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: Georgia, Utopia, 'Palatino Linotype', Palatino, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19px; text-align: justify;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: Georgia, Utopia, 'Palatino Linotype', Palatino, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: Georgia, Utopia, 'Palatino Linotype', Palatino, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19px; text-align: justify;">I found videos on YouTube of a classical music concert which included a piece in which the main musical instrument was a typewriter! It was really funny. I discovered people playing a saw which sounded to me as beautiful as violin music. Others producing music by rubbing the rims of glasses and blowing over bottles containing water reminded me of my childhood games. </span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: Georgia, Utopia, 'Palatino Linotype', Palatino, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19px; text-align: justify;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: Georgia, Utopia, 'Palatino Linotype', Palatino, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: Georgia, Utopia, 'Palatino Linotype', Palatino, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19px; text-align: justify;">This made me think, what makes a musical instrument? What characteristics does an object need to be classified as a musical instrument? Although the previous named tools made beautiful or interesting music we can’t classify them as such, because they were designed for another purpose. The reason why these objects enchant us and make us laugh when we hear them is precisely because they were not designed to make music.</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: Georgia, Utopia, 'Palatino Linotype', Palatino, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19px; text-align: justify;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: Georgia, Utopia, 'Palatino Linotype', Palatino, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: Georgia, Utopia, 'Palatino Linotype', Palatino, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19px; text-align: justify;">People have been making music since prehistoric times and it has always been a social activity. Some of the oldest known artefacts are musical instruments, carved from the femurs of bears and woolly mammoth tusks. The oldest known musical instrument is made from a vulture’s wing bone. It dates to about 35,000 years ago and is a type of flute with five holes.</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: Georgia, Utopia, 'Palatino Linotype', Palatino, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19px; text-align: justify;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: Georgia, Utopia, 'Palatino Linotype', Palatino, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: Georgia, Utopia, 'Palatino Linotype', Palatino, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19px; text-align: justify;">Some inventions of musical instruments have made a great impact on musical styles. Adolphe Sax invented the saxophone in 1840. It became very popular in military bands and in orchestras, but above all else, the saxophone was influential in the development of new musical genres such as; blues, swing and bebop jazz.</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: Georgia, Utopia, 'Palatino Linotype', Palatino, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19px; text-align: justify;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: Georgia, Utopia, 'Palatino Linotype', Palatino, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: Georgia, Utopia, 'Palatino Linotype', Palatino, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19px; text-align: justify;">During the 20th century other new instruments, like the electric guitar and the drum set, had a profound effect on the musical industry. Their appearance added great variety and richness to Western music.</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: Georgia, Utopia, 'Palatino Linotype', Palatino, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19px; text-align: justify;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: Georgia, Utopia, 'Palatino Linotype', Palatino, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: Georgia, Utopia, 'Palatino Linotype', Palatino, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19px; text-align: justify;">It has been a long while since any new musical instrument has made such an impact. Have you ever heard of the Eigenharp, the Tenori-on or the Harpejji? No, neither had I! I found them on the internet.</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: Georgia, Utopia, 'Palatino Linotype', Palatino, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19px; text-align: justify;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: Georgia, Utopia, 'Palatino Linotype', Palatino, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: Georgia, Utopia, 'Palatino Linotype', Palatino, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19px; text-align: justify;">So what happened? Why has there been such a drought of new instruments—especially in rock and pop, which thrive on novelty? The biggest barrier is the institutionalization of Western music and the mass marketing of all the instruments. Inventors of musical instruments find it very hard to break into the market with their newest designs. </span></span><br />
<span style="background-color: white;"><br style="color: #222222; font-family: Georgia, Utopia, 'Palatino Linotype', Palatino, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: Georgia, Utopia, 'Palatino Linotype', Palatino, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19px; text-align: justify;">Nowadays, most music is listened to via an electronic device. In the 21st century there has been a shift to downloading. But this, in a sense, distances you from the musician and the music. Nevertheless, the growth of live music looks to continue unimpeded for years to come, as real-life experiences encounter a surge in popularity. The tide is turning back to people wanting that live connection. And the music industry has responded to people’s inclinations.</span></span><br />
<span style="background-color: white;"><br style="color: #222222; font-family: Georgia, Utopia, 'Palatino Linotype', Palatino, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: Georgia, Utopia, 'Palatino Linotype', Palatino, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19px; text-align: justify;">Having looked at the positive ratings that the videos on Youtube receive where people are playing unusual instruments, it is obvious there is an appetite for this. The music industry should respond.</span></span><br />
<span style="background-color: white;"><br style="color: #222222; font-family: Georgia, Utopia, 'Palatino Linotype', Palatino, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19px; text-align: justify;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: Georgia, Utopia, 'Palatino Linotype', Palatino, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 19px; text-align: justify;">Will a brand-new instrument ever capture hearts, minds, and speaker systems again?</span></span>elenahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07981600886806730443noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1818270809499171676.post-60583250100836761322017-11-21T09:27:00.001-08:002017-11-21T09:27:16.709-08:00DISTURBING NURSERY RHYMES
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<!--StartFragment-->
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 16pt; letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">When I was four years
old I was sent to an English nursery school and was taught, as is the English
custom, many nursery rhymes. You don’t think very deeply about the meaning of
words when you’re four, and anyway, I didn’t know a lot of English back then.
It was only later that I discovered the macabre and disturbing origins of these
children’s verses.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="verse" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 16pt; letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">One of the oldest children’s poems is Baa Baa Black
Sheep:<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="verse" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; vertical-align: baseline;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="verse" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline;">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Baa, baa, black
sheep, have you any wool?<br />
Yes sir, yes sir, three bags full!<o:p></o:p></span></span></i></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline;">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">One for the master,<br />
One for the dame,<br />
And one for the little boy<br />
Who lives down the lane<o:p></o:p></span></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="border: 1pt none windowtext; font-size: 10.5pt; padding: 0cm;"><br />
<br />
</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 16pt; letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">This chant</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 16pt; letter-spacing: 0.4pt;"> is about the Great Custom; a tax on wool that
was introduced by Edward I in 1272. Any money made on the selling of a bag of
wool would be divided into three; a third would go to the king (the master), a
third would go to the church (the dame) and the last third would be left for
the farmer (the little boy).<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 16pt; letter-spacing: 0.4pt;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 16pt; letter-spacing: 0.4pt;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 16pt; letter-spacing: 0.4pt;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Some of the nursery rhymes we were taught had
accompanying actions. One of my favourites was Ring O Ring of Roses in which we
all held hands and went round in a circle; afterwards we pretended to smell
some flowers and then we all fell down on the floor before, repeating it all
again.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><i><span lang="EN-GB" style="background-color: white; font-size: 14pt;">Ring
a ring o’ roses</span></i><i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 14pt;"><br />
<span style="background: white;">A pocketful of posies</span><br />
<span style="background: white;">a-tishoo, a-tishoo</span><br />
<span style="background: white;">We all fall down.</span></span></i><i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 14pt; letter-spacing: 0.4pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 16pt; letter-spacing: 0.4pt;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"> Little
did I know the origins of this pleasant piece of poetry! It refers to the Black
Death when Plague killed a third of the European population. The ‘rosy rash’,
in the form of a ring, describes the skin disease caused by the plague. The
posies of herbs were carried as protection to keep away the disease. The end of
the poem is self-evident, the children have caught the plague (a-tishoo,
a-tishoo) and finally they fall down dead.
<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 16pt; letter-spacing: 0.4pt;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 16pt; letter-spacing: 0.4pt;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 16pt; letter-spacing: 0.4pt;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">One of my favourites was about a garden full of
‘silver bells and cockleshells’. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 9.4pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 14pt;">Mary Mary quite contrary,</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 9.4pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 14pt;">How does
your garden grow?</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 9.4pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 14pt;">With
silver bells and cockleshells</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 9.4pt; text-align: center;">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 14pt;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">And pretty
maids all in a row.<o:p></o:p></span></span></i></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 9.4pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 9.4pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 14pt;">I discovered many years
later that Mary was Mary I, Queen of England, commonly known as Bloody Mary,
who tortured and executed many Protestants. Queen Mary was quite ‘’contrary’’
because she reintroduced Catholicism as the country’s official religion after
the death of her brother King Edward VI. Silver bells and cockleshells are
actually instruments of torture; the first was for crushing thumbs </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 14pt;">by the tightening of a screw and the
second was a tool of torment used on men’s genitals! ‘’The pretty maids in a
row’’ are thought to be people waiting to be executed. It seems to me that this
rhyme is very unsuitable for children!<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 9.4pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 9.4pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 9.4pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 14pt;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">In 16<sup>th</sup> century England, Catholic
priests were persecuted. It was forbidden to hold Mass even in the privacy of
your own home and priests could be arrested if caught and even executed!
Catholic families constructed hiding places, called priest holes, in their homes.
Goosey Goosey Gander is a poem that was chanted about these times .<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 9.4pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 9.4pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><i><span lang="EN-GB">Goosey
Goosey Gander, whither shall I wander?</span></i><span lang="EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 9.4pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><i><span lang="EN-GB">Upstairs
and downstairs and in my Lady’s chamber.</span></i><span lang="EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 9.4pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><i><span lang="EN-GB">There I
met an old man who wouldn’t say his prayers,</span></i><span lang="EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 9.4pt; text-align: center;">
<i><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">So I took
him by his left leg and threw him down the stairs.<span style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></i></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 9.4pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 9.4pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 14pt;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The word ‘’goose’’
refers to a prostitute, and in the rhyme a Catholic priest has been found
visiting her despite the vows of celibacy. He ‘’wouldn’t say his prayers’’ or <i>couldn’t</i> say the new English prayers,
only knowing the old Latin ones. His punishment is that they ‘’threw him down
the stairs’’. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 9.4pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 9.4pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 9.4pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 14pt;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Oranges and Lemons is actually
a children’s game with a chant. Children form a row and go under the arch
formed by two children holding up their arms. The last child through ‘’has his
head chopped off’’ and is out of the game. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 9.4pt;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: center;">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Oranges and lemons,<br />
Say the bells of St. Clement's.<o:p></o:p></span></span></i></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: center;">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">You owe me five farthings,<br />
Say the bells of St. Martin's.<o:p></o:p></span></span></i></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: center;">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">When will you pay me?<br />
Say the bells of Old Bailey.<o:p></o:p></span></span></i></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: center;">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">When I grow rich,<br />
Say the bells of Shoreditch.<o:p></o:p></span></span></i></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: center;">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">When will that be?<br />
Say the bells of Stepney.<o:p></o:p></span></span></i></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: center;">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">I do not know,<br />
Says the great bell of Bow.<o:p></o:p></span></span></i></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: center;">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Here comes a candle to light you to bed,<br />
And here comes a chopper to chop off your head!<o:p></o:p></span></span></i></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin: 12pt 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 14pt;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The bells from different churches throughout London ‘sing out’ the song
which is about a person who owes money. As he can’t pay he is put in the
debtor’s prison at Newgate. He is finally executed when the ‘Bells of Old
Bailey’ indicate that his time is up. The rhyme finishes with ‘’And here comes
a chopper to chop off your head!’’<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin: 12pt 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin: 12pt 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 14pt;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin: 12pt 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 14pt;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">It always seemed strange to me this English custom of children singing
nursery rhymes but even stranger is their sinister meanings. There are hundreds
more nursery rhymes with interesting origins. One that always intrigued me was
‘’I had a little nut tree…’’ because it refers to the King of Spain’s daughter.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin: 12pt 0cm; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 15pt;">I had a little nut tree,</span></i><i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 15pt;"><br />
<span style="background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Nothing would it bear</span><br />
<span style="background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">But a silver nutmeg,</span><br />
<span style="background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">And a golden pear;</span><br />
<span style="background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">The King of Spain's daughter</span><br />
<span style="background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Came to visit me,</span><br />
<span style="background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">And all for the sake</span><br />
<span style="background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Of my little nut tree.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Her dress was made of crimson,</span><br />
<span style="background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Jet black was her hair,</span><br />
<span style="background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">She asked me for my nut tree</span><br />
<span style="background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">And my golden pear.</span><br />
<span style="background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">I said, "So fair a princess</span><br />
<span style="background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Never did I see,</span><br />
<span style="background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">I'll give you all the fruit</span><br />
<span style="background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">From my little nut tree."<o:p></o:p></span></span></i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin: 12pt 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 15pt;">I wonder what it all means? </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<!--EndFragment--><div style="background: white; margin-bottom: 12.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 12.0pt;">
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 14pt;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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elenahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07981600886806730443noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1818270809499171676.post-1838358551883216802017-11-01T14:29:00.001-07:002017-11-18T04:01:41.916-08:00The Progress of Forensic Science: secrets exposed by sweat, sludge, flies and fingerprints.<div style="background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin: 12pt 0cm;">
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="background-color: white; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Today most people are familiar with
forensic methods used to solve crimes because of the popular TV and internet
programmes such as CSI (Crime Scene Investigation), Cold Case and internet
Youtube videos such as Buzzfeed Unsolved Mysteries.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="background-color: white; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">We think of these scientific methods
as being very modern and it is true that great advances have been made in the
20<sup>th</sup> and 21<sup>st</sup> centuries, but how far back does forensic
science go? <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="background-color: white; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="background-color: white; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">You might be surprised to learn that
the first written recorded murder to be solved using <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>forensic evidence took place in 1235 AD .The
case can be found in a book called “The Washing Away of Wrongs”, written
by<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Song Ci a Chinese coroner and
detective. A body of a man was found in a rice field hacked to death in rural
China. The wounds indicated that an ordinary farming sickle was the murder
weapon. The coroner ordered all the local famers to come out into the square
and place their sickles on the ground in front of them in the sun. After a few
minutes a bluebottle fly landed on one of the sickles, followed by many more.
The flies were attracted by microscopic traces of flesh and blood. The owner
became nervous and confessed to the murder. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The first case solved by forensic entomology.</span><br />
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="background-color: white; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span id="goog_1626889186"></span><span id="goog_1626889187"></span><br /></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="background-color: white; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="background-color: white; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">An area which over
the last 3 centuries has become very important in solving criminal cases, is
geoforensics. One of the first murder cases to be solved by applying forensic
geology was the Filbert Case in 1908. Margaret Filbert’s body was found without
her head in a forest in Bavaria. The police were sure that Andreas Schlicher
was the murderer but it was difficult to prove. Schlicher claimed that he had
never left his farm that day. However, layers of mud found on his boots proved
that he had been in the forest where the crime had taken place and the layer of
brick dust proved he had later been in the old castle where blood stained
clothes and the murder weapon were found. The suspect had lied and had been in
these places the day of the crime. The geoforensic evidence was essential in
convicting him of the murder.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin: 12pt 0cm;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin: 12pt 0cm;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 14.0pt;">In 1949 the acid bath
murders caused a sensation. The murderer , <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Jon George Haigh confessed that he had killed
nine women and dissolved their bodies in acid. He was confident that he would
not be accused because he misunderstood the term <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">corpus delicti </i></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #222222; font-size: 14pt;">and mistakenly believed that, if the bodies
could not be found, a murder conviction would not be possible. The term
actually means ‘body of evidence’ but the investigators were finding it
difficult to find proof. The pathologist Keith Simpson was determined to gather
sufficient evidence.</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 14pt;"> Haigh had told them that he had poured out
the sludge from the bath into the back garden; Simpson gathered up the sludge
and examined it minutely. He found a gall stone which had been protected from
the acid by human fat and a tiny particle of a bone. Both these indicated an
elderly female who suffered from gall stones which corresponded to the last victim.
It was sufficient, together with Haigh’s confession, to secure a conviction. Forensic
pathology had triumphed. <o:p></o:p></span></span><br />
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<a href="http://ddydc3qiky-flywheel.netdna-ssl.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/john-george-haigh-acid-bath-murderer-e1490729085404.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="599" data-original-width="800" height="478" src="https://ddydc3qiky-flywheel.netdna-ssl.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/john-george-haigh-acid-bath-murderer-e1490729085404.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<a href="https://phocab-photos.s3.amazonaws.com/httpmediatumblrcomtumblr_m12b65ej0G1r6le0tjpg.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="463" data-original-width="500" height="296" src="https://phocab-photos.s3.amazonaws.com/httpmediatumblrcomtumblr_m12b65ej0G1r6le0tjpg.jpg" width="320" /></a><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 14pt;"></span></span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 14pt;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 14pt;">I read in a recent article </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #222222; font-size: 14pt;">how a new spectrometry analysis of fingerprints can now reveal the
presence of drugs, alcohol and blood in the owner, if they are male or female,
what they have eaten and even if they have touched a condom! The scientists
explain that a fingerprint is really just a “sweat mark” and thus can tell us
all sorts of things. This poro-dactyloscopy test is already being used to solve
cold cases.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #222222; font-size: 14pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></span></span>
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #222222; font-size: 14pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></span></span>
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #222222; font-size: 14pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></span></span></div>
<div style="background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin: 12pt 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">There have been many crime investigations where
new scientific discoveries have led to great advances in forensic science. The
discovery of DNA is one of them. You can find others <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>at <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin: 12pt 0cm;">
<br />
<ul>
<li><span lang="EN-GB" style="background-color: white; font-family: "times"; font-size: 14pt;"><a href="https://www.forensicscolleges.com/blog/resources/10-cold-cases-solved" style="background-color: white; font-family: times;">https://www.forensicscolleges.com/blog/resources/10-cold-cases-solved</a></span></li>
<li><a href="https://listverse.com/2017/04/09/top-10-murder-mysteries-finally-solved-using-forensics/" style="background-color: white; font-family: times;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 14pt;">https://listverse.com/2017/04/09/top-10-murder-mysteries-finally-solved-using-forensics/</span></a></li>
<li><a href="https://io9.gizmodo.com/9-historical-murder-mysteries-solved-more-than-a-centur-1688013210" style="background-color: white; font-family: times;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 14pt;">https://io9.gizmodo.com/9-historical-murder-mysteries-solved-more-than-a-centur-1688013210</span></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div style="background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin: 12pt 0cm;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">In today’s world it
is no-longer so easy to hide these horrendous crimes. Forensics is advancing!</span></span></div>
elenahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07981600886806730443noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1818270809499171676.post-77640010750482414872017-11-01T07:36:00.001-07:002017-11-01T07:36:05.591-07:00<div class='goconqr-popup-embed' data-id='10843012' data-type='notes'></div><script type='text/javascript' src='https://cdn.goconqr.com/embed.min.js'></script>elenahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07981600886806730443noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1818270809499171676.post-84166986995180589152017-10-09T08:25:00.001-07:002017-10-09T08:25:33.293-07:00A Foreigner in NY<iframe width="100%" height="600" src="https://www.smore.com/2tj8n-a-foreigner-in-new-york?embed=1" scrolling="auto" frameborder="0" allowtransparency="true" style="min-width: 320px;border: none;"></iframe>elenahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07981600886806730443noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1818270809499171676.post-7086213654379690122017-09-27T10:33:00.002-07:002017-11-18T04:06:37.769-08:00Enigma: the Spanish connection<div class="MsoNormal">
<a href="https://www.gchq.gov.uk/sites/default/files/bombe.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="800" data-original-width="614" height="400" src="https://www.gchq.gov.uk/sites/default/files/bombe.jpg" width="306" /></a><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "cambria" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Nearly everyone now-a-days has heard of the
Enigma machine that encrypted the German intelligence messages during World War
II. This is partly due to the success of films like Michaels Apted’s <i>Enigma</i> released in 2001. It told the
story of how the British captured a German U-boat together with an Enigma
machine and the current code book. It was followed by the film <i>The Imitation Game</i> in 2014 which focused
on the part that Alan Turing, interpreted by Benedict Cumberbatch, played in
breaking the Enigma code at Bletchley Park. <o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "cambria" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Actually, many people were involved in the
deciphering of Enigma. The Polish had succeeded in cracking a simplified Enigma
code but then Poland was invaded and the Polish agents passed their information
onto the French Resistance, who in turn passed it onto the British
Intelligence. At Bletchley Park there were more than 8000 people involved in deciphering
German messages. <u><o:p></o:p></u></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "cambria" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;">What is amazing to me is that the secret
that the code had been cracked by the British was kept for so long. It was 1975
when the information was finally released to the public. The question is –Why
did the British government hide this information for over 30 years? <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "cambria" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;">This enigma was partly answered when 26
Enigma machines were discovered in a secret room in Madrid. Felix Sanz,
director of Spain’s Intelligence Service revealed that these machines had been
used by Franco’s forces in the Spanish Civil War. They were bought from Germany
and both Hitler and Franco were concerned that the machines should not fall
into the wrong hands. The Republicans, the communists or even worse the British
spies who were in Spain were eager to obtain one. The machines were in use
right up until the 1950s in various Spanish embassies throughout the world.
This might well be one of the reasons why the British government were keen to
keep the cracking of Enigma a secret.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "cambria" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;">In 2011, Spain gifted two Enigma machines
to Britain, which can be seen at the museum at Bletchley Park. Spain received
some historic military items in exchange; 2 of the 26 Enigma machines together
with the gifts from Britain can be seen on display at the Spanish Army Museum
at the Alcazar in Toledo. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 13.5pt; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "cambria" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;">Mr Sanz gratefully accepted the present from Britain
and in his speech said, </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "cambria" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;">"In today's world it is
impossible to work alone. You need friends and allies. I knock at the door of
the British intelligence and I always get a response. And I hope on the
occasion where the British services knock at my door, when they leave my house
they leave with a sense they have been helped also." <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 13.5pt; vertical-align: baseline;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 13.5pt; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "cambria" , "serif"; font-size: 16.0pt;">It’s good to see the two
nations working together, however, it’s not hard to deduce that the British Intelligence
were listening in on messages sent from Madrid to its embassies using the
Enigma machines, during the Franco regime. Maybe this is one of the reasons why
the British government kept the cracking of the code secret for so long!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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elenahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07981600886806730443noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1818270809499171676.post-58680122533219696042017-08-01T03:29:00.002-07:002017-08-07T04:31:54.505-07:00SCIENTISTS ARE PEOPLE TOO<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Society owes a great debt to
scientists some of whom have given us great insight into genetics. They have
used their brilliant minds for our benefit, often dedicating long boring hours
to research and committing their lives to investigation. What is it that
motivates them to do this?</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">They might appear to be super human,
but scientists are very like the rest of us. They have </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">their own foibles and quirks
like any other human beings.</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">In the first half of the 20<sup>th</sup>
century the brightest scientists were attracted to working in the fields of
physics and chemistry. During the two World Wars nearly all of them were
recruited into the war effort and great advances in scientific research were
made. However, after the Second World War many scientists felt disillusioned
because their intellect, creativity and work had been used for destructive
purposes. With the cessation of hostilities they found themselves without any job
and having to rethink their future. Many of the brightest ones decided to leave
physics and chemistry and concentrate their efforts in the fields of the life
sciences. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<a href="https://cdn2.hubspot.net/hub/237126/file-660502209-jpg/watson_crick.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><span style="background-color: white;"><img border="0" data-original-height="800" data-original-width="799" height="320" src="https://cdn2.hubspot.net/hub/237126/file-660502209-jpg/watson_crick.jpg" width="318" /></span></a><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Francis Crick was one such man who
moved from the physical sciences into biology research. </span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">He described this transition as, "almost as if
one had to be born again.’’ Crick’s desire to produce something positive after
the war years leads him eventually to the discovery of the structure of DNA.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="background-color: white;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The
double helix structure of the DNA and the sequencing the human genome might
have been achieved earlier if it had not been for personality clashes,
disagreements and rivalries which obstructed collaboration.</span></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Crick
and James Watson agreed that having the opportunity to exchange ideas and
receive feedback was essential in the path to the discovery of the DNA. </span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><br /></span></div>
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">However, not all scientists who were working on this project were eager to
share. When Watson visited Kings College London, Watkins showed him one of the
photographs that Rosalind Franklin had taken which clearly showed a form of an
X. This was a breakthrough for Watson and resulted in Watson and Crick discovering
the double helix structure of the DNA. Rosalind Franklin, however, was angry
about Watkins sharing her work. It was fortunate for humanity that Watkins was
keen to share his team’s work.<o:p></o:p></span></span><br />
<span style="background-color: white;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></span>
</span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://i2.wp.com/hipertextual.com/files/2014/11/Rosalind-Franklin2.jpg?resize=670%2C413&ssl=1" imageanchor="1" style="background-color: white; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="413" data-original-width="670" height="246" src="https://i2.wp.com/hipertextual.com/files/2014/11/Rosalind-Franklin2.jpg?resize=670%2C413&ssl=1" width="400" /></a></div>
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The way
scientists function has a deep effect on the rate at which discoveries are
made. Some scientists choose to work together in teams and share their effort;
others work in competition while others are unwilling to even share their discoveries,
motivated by achieving their own personal glory.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="background-color: white;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The great
scientific achievement of discovering the structure of DNA was due to a large
extent to the collaboration between Crick and Watson. They spent a lot of time
talking about their ideas to each other. While they were chatting at Cambridge
University, at Kings College London Maurice Wilkins and Rosalind Franklin were
not cooperating.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<a href="http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/2002/sulston.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><span style="background-color: white;"><img border="0" data-original-height="227" data-original-width="162" height="200" src="https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/2002/sulston.jpg" width="142" /></span></a><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Once the
structure and the basic coding of the DNA were discovered, the work of decoding
would start. John Sulston became the head of the British Human Genome Project
investigation at Sanger Centre Cambridge. From the beginning the Institute
established a policy of data sharing and encouraged collaboration. Sulston
gathered many of the biologists working on the sequencing of the human genome
in 1995 <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>in Bermuda and managed to draw
up what become known as the Bermuda Principles in which all the scientists
agreed to collaborate with each other and that any discovery should be made
freely available and in the public domain within 24 hours<span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;">. </span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Sulston passionately believed that
any scientific advances should be for the good of humanity and was strongly
opposed to the protection and exploitation of scientific research for
commercial interests.</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #333333; font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Sulston’s motivation was purely altruistic.</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #333333; font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 14.5pt;">Some scientists, however, displayed
differing ideas that threatened the progress of the project. Many were keen to
achieve the scientific recognition of making an important discovery whilst also
wanting to accommodate the needs of their corporate partners and make money!</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 14.5pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 14pt;">Craig Venter, who worked independently in the
USA, was one such person. He tried to patent sections of the DNA sequence for
his own financial gain.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; line-height: 21.6pt; margin: 14.4pt 0cm 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 14pt;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">In 2000, President Bill Clinton and
Prime Minister Tony Blair agreed on a statement of principle to ensure that
discoveries from the human genome were used for the benefit of human kind. This
really put Craig Venter’s nose out of joint. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 14pt;"><span style="background-color: white;">Scientists are human beings too, and
have a wide range of reasons for their motivations. Fortunately, some of the
greatest scientists were not interested in making money. We should be grateful
that we have scientists such as John Sulston and Tim Burners Lee who gave us
the World Wide Web. Humanity owes a lot to these scientists.</span></span><i style="background-color: #fcfdfa;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #555555; font-size: 15.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></span><br />
<div style="background-color: #fcfdfa;">
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</span></div>
<div class="separator" style="background-color: #fcfdfa; clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://omicrono.elespanol.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/tim-berners-lee-internet.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="533" data-original-width="800" height="266" src="https://omicrono.elespanol.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/tim-berners-lee-internet.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="background-color: white; color: black; font-size: 14pt;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
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elenahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07981600886806730443noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1818270809499171676.post-48424260849653486052017-03-09T04:07:00.001-08:002017-03-09T04:07:29.573-08:00The Mindless Madness of an Empty Mind<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<iframe width="320" height="266" class="YOUTUBE-iframe-video" data-thumbnail-src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/iqKdEhx-dD4/0.jpg" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/iqKdEhx-dD4?feature=player_embedded" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21px;">Boredom is universal to all humans; every one of us has experienced, at some time in our lives, a monotony that produces an empty mind. Yet, if we confess to being bored, fingers are pointed at us in accusation. It indicates an “empty mind”, a “lack of moral fibre” and an “ego-centricity”. “There’s no excuse to being bored” Viggo Mortensen wrote, and the proverb ‘The best cure for boredom is hard work’ is universally known.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21px;">The psychologist John EastWood defined boredom as ‘’unfulfilled desire for satisfying activity’’. It is a relatively new phenomenon. In prehistoric time boredom was non-existent; people were too busy hunting and gathering to survive. The Industrial Revolution changed all this, as machines took over man’s work, and people had more leisure time.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21px;">The state of boredom has never been given a high profile and it is only recently that scientists have begun to investigate it. It might seem to you that it is not a very interesting subject; however it can have a very negative impact on our lives. </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21px;">Boredom can affect our performance unfavorably.<u> </u>Educationalists are always trying to find a way to combat ennui in the classroom and lower the number of failing students. ‘’ </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21px;">Anyone bored these days is not paying attention." teachers might say, but, the number of underperforming students seems to be increasing.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21px;">Job performance can deteriorate because of dullness, which can put life at risk; imagine you are an air traffic controller or in control of a nuclear power plant. Monotony could end in misadventure!</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21px;"></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21px;">People are constantly in search for external stimuli. When people are unengaged, they seek meaning wherever they can. Those that take up high risk sports often feel that the world is moving too slowly for them and not offering enough momentum.<u> </u>However stimuli become less effective the more it is experienced. Bungee jumpers feel the need to satiate their adrenaline rushes by more risky falls. There is scientific evidence that adrenaline has less effect the more frequently it is triggered. This leads to a constant search for greater thrills, which could be deadly. As you can see on the Vsauce video, the volunteer, placed in an isolated room with no stimuli present except for the electric shock machine, which he has previously experienced, chose to activate it twice and caused himself pain rather than suffering boredom. He chose torture rather than tedium. </span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21px;">A destructive behaviour has been associated with a general boredom of life. People dissatisfied with their lives often turn to drugs, alcohol, vandalism and gambling, as they search for meaningful input into their existence. Tedium can lead people to become more introvert and focus on internal dilemmas in a never-ending, negative thought cycle; depression.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21px;">These examples show how boredom can impact our lives in a very markedly adverse way. However, it is not always like this, in fact, boredom can make a positive<u> </u>impact on us. Artists, writers, poets, all give testimony that boredom at times has increased their creativity; to quote </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #333333; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21px;">Robert M. Pirsig.</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21px;"> ‘’</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #333333; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21px;">Boredom always precedes a period of great creativity.’’. </span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #333333; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21px;"><br /></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21px;">When external influences are reduced the human being automatically looks to their interior for inspiration. People who have been put into isolation have been known to start quoting poetry, Shakespeare’s plays or even the Bible.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21px;">Michael, in the Vsauce video, who spent 3 days in isolation, resorted to counting objects, the number of paces he did and undertook physical exercise to abate his lethargy. After 3 days his ability to count, his perception of time and his willingness to communicate with the camera started to diminish. When he exited from his confinement he stated that contact with his family was what he most desired and that he valued his relationship with them more. Even though he is known to be a great communicator all he wished to do, on exiting from the enforced isolation, was to listen to others talk; that is receive external stimuli.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21px;">His period in isolation showed Michael’s interior resources which were called on to get him through the trial and rather than create ego-centricity it had made him more altruistic. However, if he had stayed longer in isolation it could have led to such a mental deterioration that he would have gone mad.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21px;">Boredom can lead to many things. Don’t let it take over your mind, for it will empty it of all else – and that way madness lies.</span></div>
elenahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07981600886806730443noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1818270809499171676.post-15306154067663844902017-01-23T13:21:00.001-08:002017-01-23T13:21:54.737-08:00Recognition before Death<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Bob Dylan, 75, is the first musician to win the Nobel Prize for Literature. This could be the most radical choice in a history stretching back to 1901 when the award was first set up by Alfred Nobel. In choosing a popular musician for the literary world’s highest honour, the Swedish Academy, has set off a debate about whether song lyrics have the same artistic value as poetry or novels. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> The author Salman Rushdie said he was delighted with Dylan’s win and confessed that his lyrics had been “an inspiration to me all my life ever since I first heard a Dylan album at school. The frontiers of literature keep widening, and it’s exciting that the Nobel Prize recognises that.”</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> But others called the academy’s decision misguided and questioned whether song writing, however brilliant, rises to the level of literature. Irvine Welsh said that, “His haunting music and lyrics have always seemed, in the deepest sense to touch human hearts. “ However, she added that despite being a Dylan fan she believed that “this is an ill-conceived nostalgia award wrenched from the rancid prostates of senile, gibbering hippies.” </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> I think Bob Dylan’s ideas are deeply poetic and there is no doubt that he is regarded as one of the most influential figures in contemporary popular culture, though his music has always proved divisive. Dylan can never be accused of choosing trivial themes; his lyrics cover such profound topics as war, heartbreak, betrayal, death and moral faithlessness in songs that bring beauty to life’s greatest tragedies.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> Shakespeare’s themes were humanity’s deep misfortunes too, but he composed plays and poetry for commercial profit. He wrote what was popular and crowd-pleasing. Nowadays he is considered one of the greatest poets of the English language but his poetic talents were only recognised after his death. To me it seems that Dylan is a poet at heart, but poets find it hard to earn a living in today’s world. I wonder if our nascent poets are forced to turn to writing song lyrics in order to survive. Bob Dylan’s work has not always been appreciated by the literary highbrow, but it has always been loved by ordinary people. This doesn’t make him any less a poet. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> Thankfully, Bob Dylan’s poetic creativity has been recognised while he is still alive, unlike Shakespeare.</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiwlFlTWGQkQ1jnn7iy3la0xTCt3uxIP13jFwLEnHgyUF46JgdKb7iUzWhXb85tvMl77Pm21kpRZ0fvWALi5aE9criHQQwqeu6VCSVWEgS1tcwzCKCLTzgXbkA8dCeZ4n7DVzlB2_RbgcIP/s1600/bob+dylan.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="247" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiwlFlTWGQkQ1jnn7iy3la0xTCt3uxIP13jFwLEnHgyUF46JgdKb7iUzWhXb85tvMl77Pm21kpRZ0fvWALi5aE9criHQQwqeu6VCSVWEgS1tcwzCKCLTzgXbkA8dCeZ4n7DVzlB2_RbgcIP/s400/bob+dylan.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
elenahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07981600886806730443noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1818270809499171676.post-10508271047972686792016-12-11T08:32:00.002-08:002016-12-11T08:32:47.924-08:00<iframe allowtransparency="true" frameborder="0" height="600" scrolling="auto" src="https://www.smore.com/sejvn-a-foreigner-in-britain?embed=1" style="border: none; min-width: 320px;" width="100%"></iframe>elenahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07981600886806730443noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1818270809499171676.post-54444900210364214262016-12-11T01:44:00.000-08:002016-12-11T01:44:46.215-08:00WHAT WOULD HAPPEN IF THE WORLD WENT VEGAN?Chances are you or someone you know is a vegetarian. <b>But what would happen if everyone in the world were suddenly a vegetarian? What effects would it have on our lives and our planet?</b><br />
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The worldwide rate of vegetarianism is fairly low about 4-5% in the US, to a little 30% in India and 17% in Europe. As a result, there are currently about 20 billion chickens, 1'5 million cows, over a billion sheep and nearly a billion pigs in the world. Without any meat-eating humans to provide a market, whole herds of domestic animals would disappear and this would free up vast quantities of land. About 33 million squared kilometers of land are used for pasture- an area about the size of Africa! And that's not even counting the land used to grow crops exclusively for animal feed. Some of it would be needed for the increased amount of vegetables crops, but most of the land currently used as pasture is too dry to grow crops. Without humans adding artificial nutrients, this land could turn to dessert. But if properly managed it is possible that farmland could return to its natural state of grassland which could help with global climate.<br />
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Cows and other grazers affect our climate through large amounts of methane production which has 25 times more potential planet-warming power than CO2. Livestock production is responsible for about 15% of global greenhouse gas emissions, which is more than all the world's planes, trains and cars put together. In fact, many scientists believe that reducing meat consumption may be one of the best strategies for managing climate change.<br />
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A vegetarian diet would also greatly reduce water consumption; around 70% of global fresh water is used in agriculture. It takes 15 000L of water to make a kg of beef, 6000L for pork and 4000L for chicken. In comparison to vegetable crops it only takes 1600L for cereal, 900L for fruit and 300L for vegetables.<br />
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So are there any downsides to a vegetarian diet? Well, we would be left with without a cheap source for many byproducts of livestocks like leather from animals or animal fats which are used in cosmetics, candles and detergents. But luckily vegetable, cruelty-free products do exist and work just as good.<br />
A more complicated fact is that raising and processing animals is a full time job for more than 1 billion people and if meat consumption were to be cut off they would be left without their employment. This would be very risky but most of them would be able to move to the production of milk, eggs or even growing vegetable crops.<br />
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Of course, any increase in vegetarianism is likely to be a gradual process rather than a sudden cut-off but you can see for yourself that it is indeed, a very sensible decision to think about.<br />
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<br />elenahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07981600886806730443noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1818270809499171676.post-19661124369350243872016-11-22T12:09:00.003-08:002016-11-22T12:10:27.693-08:00DEATH BY PICCADILLY<div class="MsoNormal">
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #252525; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 115%;">Since Roman times bridges have crossed the River
Thames at London. Nowadays there are 33 different bridges spanning the river
within Greater London. Many of them have interesting stories associated with
them.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">In Medieval
times the first ‘’London Bridge’’ was built in stone. It lasted for 600 years
when it was finally demolished because it was so dangerous. At one time it had
over 200 buildings on the bridge some of which protruded out over the water. On
the bridge itself the buildings almost joined forming a type of tunnel. There
were shops, chapels and homes.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
weight of the constructions became so much that the arches frequently had to be
supported. The bridge is famous to young English children because they are
taught at school the song ‘’London Bridge is Falling Down’’.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">During
Victoria’s reign the medieval bridge was replaced by a granite bridge designed
by John Rennie. This bridge was also ill-fated and it began to sink, so in
1968, it was sold to an American business man, the oil tycoon Robert P
McCulloch, who shipped it across the Atlantic and had it rebuilt in Arizona.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">There has been a bridge called
Waterloo Bridge spanning the River Thames at London since 1810 but it has
always had an unhappy history. During the 1840s it was a popular place for
suicide attempts and in 1841 Samuel Gilbert Scott an American showman was
killed while performing a dare devil act in which he hung on a rope from the
bridge.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>One of the most bizarre incidents connected to
this bridge is known as the ‘’Umbrella Murder’’. It could have come out of a
James Bond film! Georgi Markov, who worked for the BBC World Service, was
murdered on the bridge by an operative connected to the KGB. He was waiting for
a bus on Waterloo Bridge when he felt a sharp pain on the back of his leg. He
saw a man picking up an umbrella from the floor, who then hurried away and got
into a taxi.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Markov died four days later
from poisoning. The man was identified as Francesco Gullino, codenamed
‘Piccadilly’.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">The Tower Bridge was constructed
between 1886-1894. It is a suspension draw bridge that has two parts to it; the
top crossing is an undercover pedestrian walkway which is part of the Tower
Bridge Museum, and the bottom crossing is a busy road which has over forty
thousand people transiting it each day. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">The bridge has been linked to some
very unusual incidents. In 1968 an RAF pilot flew his jet aeroplane, without
authorization, between the bridge’s pedestrian walkway and the road bridge to
celebrate the RAF’s 50<sup>th</sup> birthday. Pollock was placed under arrest
on landing and was discharged from the RAF on medical grounds.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">Tower Bridge opens to let tall
shipping pass beneath. In 1997 the President of the United States, Bill
Clinton, was on an official visit to the UK.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The President was separated from his security personnel when the bridge
was opened in order to let a small sailing barge called Gladys through. The
faux pas could have caused an international incident; however we’re told that
Mr Clinton was highly amused, unlike his security staff.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"><br /></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">The bridge has often been portrayed
on TV and in films and recently the main event in the Sherlock Holmes film
‘Game of Shadows’ takes place during its construction.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In this scene the villain is killed by
hanging himself from the bridge.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="background: white; color: #252525; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 115%;">What seems obvious from these stories is that if you
visit London you must tread carefully when crossing any of its 33 bridges; you
might meet dangerous disrepair, daredevils, disasters or death delivered by the
deadly spy Piccadilly. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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elenahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07981600886806730443noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1818270809499171676.post-53050161109827573602016-04-07T09:53:00.002-07:002016-04-07T09:59:33.705-07:00Genetics, negligible senescence and ‘the warrior gene’.<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "cambria" , serif; font-size: large; line-height: 21px;">Genes are fascinating. The Genome Project, which was started in the mid-1980s and is on-going, attempts to identify each gene and its function. It is a huge undertaking, but it could result in a massive impact on science, particularly on medicine. It could lead to </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "cambria" , serif; font-size: large; line-height: 21px;">improvement in diagnosis of diseases and earlier detection of genetic predisposition.</span><br />
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #444444; font-family: "cambria" , serif; font-size: large; line-height: 21px;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "cambria" , serif;">However, these advances in genetics give rise to ethical and moral questions. </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "cambria" , serif;">To what extent will it be considered acceptable to play with people's genes? Are scientists trying to play God by changing a person's genetic makeup? Will our genetic information be used fairly to avoid genetic discrimination?</span> </span><br />
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<a href="http://www.blindness.org/blog/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/EyeCure-CRISPR.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: right;"><img border="0" src="http://www.blindness.org/blog/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/EyeCure-CRISPR.jpg" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">There are concerns that we are only a few steps away from being able to choose our model baby. Will our ability to get insurance and jobs depend on our genetic sequence? If people are allowed to alter the genetic code of their baby we might end up with a world full of blue-eyed babies. If our genetic predisposition to inherit diseases is made known, then some people might not be able to get health insurance. Manipulation of DNA sequencing could be used to save life and treat diseases, but it could also be abused.</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "cambria" , serif;"></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "cambria" , serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21px;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "cambria" , serif; font-size: large; line-height: 21px;">Everybody would love to know the secret of eternal life. Does genetics hold the secret? Negligible senescence is the</span><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: "cambria" , serif; font-size: large; line-height: 21px;"> lack of symptoms of </span><span class="ecxapple-converted-space"><span style="font-family: "cambria" , serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 21px;">aging</span></span><span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 26px;"> w</span></span></span></span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "cambria" , serif; font-size: large; line-height: 21px;">hich is found in certain organisms. Turtles for example are well known for living for a long time, yet they show little sign of aging; we are told by the scientists.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "cambria" , serif;">Recent studies have indicated a connection between negligible senescence and the general stability of an organism's genome, </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "cambria" , serif;">specifically the process of storing DNA in the nuclei of the cell. Will those of us who have a better DNA storing system live longer?<span lang="EN-GB"> How will interfering with longevity affect our society?</span></span></span></div>
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<a href="http://www.josephmaroon.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/Epigenetics.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; color: #444444; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-size: large;"><img border="0" src="http://www.josephmaroon.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/Epigenetics.jpg" height="237" width="320" /></span></a><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "cambria" , serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">There’s always been an argument that environment affects our development but now there is speculation that it can trigger dormant genes. Epigenetics is the study of the variations in DNA caused by external or environmental factors that switch genes on and off. There is a study of convicted criminals’ genes which identified a particular gene in their DNA which predispose them to violence. Did they grow up in a particularly violent environment which activated the ‘violent gene’? This gene codes for monoamine oxidase, it has been nicknamed the ‘warrior gene’. </span></span><br />
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "cambria" , serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: "cambria" , serif; font-size: large;">There is now a theory that homosexuality stems from the under expression of certain genes which are involved in sexual preferences. The implication is that environment can cause the organism’s genes to express themselves differently. Maybe we are closer to understanding everyone’s sexuality.</span><br />
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "cambria" , serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">Society decides what is acceptable behaviour. There are many science-fiction films that present a future in which human beings suffer alteration of their genes in order to make them more acceptable, more ‘normal’. </span></span></div>
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<a href="http://media.boingboing.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/pandoralarge.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://media.boingboing.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/pandoralarge.jpg" height="180" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "cambria" , serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">Maybe this future is not so far away! So genes, negligible senescence and epigenetics are things everybody should know about.</span></span></div>
elenahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07981600886806730443noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1818270809499171676.post-91521899253796046622016-03-07T10:21:00.001-08:002016-03-07T10:21:25.053-08:00BICKERY OVER BOOTY<div class="ecxMsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 1.35em;">
<span style="font-size: 14pt;">December 2015 was an extraordinary month for finding lost treasure. A hoard of Viking coins was unearthed near Watlington in Oxfordshire, England, by metal detectorist James Mather. The treasure found was made up of 186 coins and several items of jewellery as well as 15 Ingots. A few days later, the wreck of the Spanish galleon, the San José, one of the most important ships in the Spanish fleet, was found off the coast of Colombia.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 14pt;">Both of them are very significant finds, not only for the monetary value of the discoveries but for their historical implication. However, in the tradition of all great treasure quests their discovery has not been without some controversy.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 14pt;">The Viking treasure contains coins that date from 870 and it is these that have caused the uproar amongst the academics. According to King Alfred the Great’s historians, Ceolwulf II of Mercia was an ‘’unwise king’s thane’’, but the coins appear to show that he and Alfred were ruling as equals. Alfred the Great is revered as the unifier of England and the victor over the invading Vikings. However, it now seems that he didn’t do this alone and England has an unsung hero who has been airbrushed out of history; Ceolwulf II.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 14pt;">The galleon San José was sunk in 1708 by British pirates off the coast of Colombia. The ship carried a cargo of eleven million gold coins and jewellery which are worth today 4.5 billion euros. President José Manuel Santos insisted that the ‘San José’ and anything it contained was the heritage of all Colombians and should be protected. Other people are claiming a stake in the find. The American company Sea Search Armada, who were the company contracted to search for the San José, are claiming that the Colombian government are in breach of contract. Some Spanish people affirm that it should belong to Spain and even the British could demand it as their rightful booty, having sunk the ship.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 14pt;">My Colombian friend summed it up very well. </span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 14pt;">‘’It should be divided between Spain and Colombia, and each one should take their part. The Spanish should take what’s theirs, the ship and the corpses; and the Colombians should take back their treasure’’.</span></div>
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elenahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07981600886806730443noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1818270809499171676.post-2281910561121285342016-01-13T11:54:00.001-08:002016-01-13T11:54:51.630-08:00LOVE CONQUERS<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Thousands and thousands of love
songs and poems have been written throughout the history of humanity. It must
be very hard to think of an original way to express those intense feelings of
love and pain¸ yet Neil Hilborn has managed to do just that, and even more.</span></div>
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<span lang="ES" style="background: white; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-themecolor: text1;">Hilborn went to Macalester College and graduated with honours with a
degree in Creative Writing. <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="background: white; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-themecolor: text1;">He and his team have often been finalists in poetry
competitions where poets read their work aloud; but unlike other poets, he has
OCD. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="background: white; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-themecolor: text1;">OCD is short for
Obsessive–compulsive disorder. It</span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-GB" style="background: white; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="background: white; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-themecolor: text1;">is
a<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mental_disorder" title="Mental disorder"><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">illness</span></a></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-GB" style="background: white; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="background: white; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-themecolor: text1;">where people feel the
need to check things, have<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intrusive_thoughts" title="Intrusive thoughts"><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">certain thoughts </span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="background: white; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-themecolor: text1;">or
feel they need to perform<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compulsive_behavior" title="Compulsive behavior"><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">certain routines
repeatedly</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="background: white; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-themecolor: text1;">, repeatedly, repeatedly.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="background: white; line-height: 17.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; vertical-align: baseline;">
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Regional Poetry Slam with his poem ‘OCD’,<span style="background: white;"> which
at times is funny but at times poignant and is even shocking in some ways. When
I first heard it, the words ‘sad but beautiful’ came to my mind. Many people
commented that it was a funny and humorous poem but it has a serious side; it
makes people more aware of the difficulties for people who suffer from OCD. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="background: white; line-height: 17.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; vertical-align: baseline;">
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giving a live recitation she commented that he was a good actor, but in fact,
Hilborn wasn’t entirely acting, most of his tics and stuttering were
involuntary.</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-themecolor: text1;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div style="background: white; line-height: 15.75pt; margin-bottom: 11.25pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; vertical-align: baseline;">
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condition, but it is really a debilitating affliction of the mind which causes
great suffering. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="background: white; line-height: 17.25pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; vertical-align: baseline;">
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disorder into a declaration of love. Two of the most common manifestations of
OCD are a compulsive urge to switch the lights on and off repeatedly and check
numerous times that the door is securely locked. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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elenahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07981600886806730443noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1818270809499171676.post-17757052527986156252015-11-24T08:52:00.001-08:002015-11-24T08:52:30.989-08:00THE EXTENDED SPLASH OF COLOUR THEORY.
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span> </div>
<span lang="EN-GB" style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;">Graffiti is the plural of the
Italian word ‘graffito’ and refers to</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"> writing or drawings that
have been scribbled, scratched, or painted illicitly on a wall or other
surface, often in a public place<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">. It
has existed since ancient times, dating back to Ancient Egypt, Ancient Greece
and the Roman Empire. <o:p></o:p></span></span><br />
<br />
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;">Some of the meanings of these
ancient scrawls, such as the little fish and the lady with a child on her lap,
carved by the workmen into the door posts<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>of<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;">the Palace
of Merenptah at Memphis, have been lost. Other graffiti, such as the foot
carved into a pavement at Ephesus, we are able to understand. We are told that
it is an advertisement for a brothel and means ‘turn left at the cross roads
where you can ‘buy a woman’s love’. In Ancient Rome scribblings have been left
by Christians and it is believed that the first representation of Jesus Christ
can be found in graffiti on the walls of the Catacombs.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;">Modern graffiti began in Philadelphia in the 1960s but
by the 1970s New York City had become the centre of graffiti culture. Many artists
chose the subway to express their art because of its accessibility and it served
as a magnet for many dispersed graffitists. At the beginning it was accepted or
at least tolerated, mainly because there were not enough resources to deal with
what some people perceived as a problem.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;">The question emerged;
‘Is graffiti vandalism or art?’ Some people consider it ugly and destructive.
The word ‘vandal’ refers to the Germanic people who invaded parts of Europe in
the fourth and fifth centuries, destroying property and anything beautiful. </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;">Yet for most graffiti artists
their work is not about destruction, so much as being an addition to the
environment in a chosen place. It is not the slashing of seats, nor is it the
smashing of windows; it is not permanent nor is it a physical attack. </span></div>
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<br />
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;">However, it is
illegal, and some academics support the ‘broken windows theory’; which links </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;">disorder and
incivility within a community to subsequent occurrences of serious<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="border: 1pt windowtext; color: black; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm;">crime</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;">. If you get one broken
window, you will end up with more broken windows and a deteriorated house; one
act of vandalism will be followed by others.</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;">Other people argue that in areas of urban decay where
property owners don't really care one way or another, graffiti can be a great
improvement, bringing spirit, energy and colour to degraded landscapes.<span class="apple-converted-space"> To sum up it can be art. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
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<span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-GB" style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;">In the same way as
‘the broken window theory’ can be applied so it can also be true that if you
get one beautiful piece of art, more will follow and a whole degraded quarter can be transformed. This is my theory and I’m going to call it ‘The Extended Splash of colour’.</span></span></div>
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elenahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07981600886806730443noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1818270809499171676.post-91220522411866537832015-11-15T07:45:00.001-08:002015-11-20T05:18:10.679-08:00WHAT IS TEACHING ABOUT?
Lots of people say that education is about learning skills that will help students find employment- such as using a word processor or spread sheet. Yet what about helping people to figure out the meaning of life? Or becoming good people? Or making a difference to others? Is this also the purpose of education?
Some people think its is; Martin Luther King said ‘’we must remember that intelligence is not enough. Intelligence plus character- that is the goal of true education.’’ One wonders what King meant by ‘character’. Does he mean being a good citizen? Some government polices state that the aim of education is to produce good citizens. One wonders what they mean by ‘good citizens’. Of course it is in the interest of the government to have law-abiding members of community; it makes their job easier.
Some people may quote the famous saying ‘’the end justifies the means’’ and economically it makes sense for nations to invest in education of children in order to produce adults that benefit society, especially economically. But is this really the aim of education, to reap benefits?
A society benefits from producing educated adults that are socially aware and well equipped to help others in the society; but is this the whole intent of education?
Having read a little about the philosophy of education, I have come to the conclusion that the purpose of education is multifaceted. I have compiled a list of the aims of educating:
- Teaching skills to find work.
- Enabling pupils to be materially successful.
- Enabling people to be useful to society.
- Producing pupils that will make a difference to others.
- Teaching pupils how they should live their lives (ethics/moral choices)
- Making them aware of cause and consequences.
- Teaching the values of a society.
- Helping people to figure out the meaning of life.
Should we be teaching Ethics in schools? Maybe it is essential for a pupil to understand his place in society and how he could be useful to it? Arguably, the pupil’s happiness might depend on this, not just society’s well-being. Human-beings, after all, are social beings. The true purpose of education should be to educate the whole child, so as not to just have academic success but to have success in all aspects of their lives.
Education must nurture not just the social person but also the individual, and at a deeper level, education should be a way of helping a person to discover more about himself, as well as the world which he is living in. We need to teach people to be aware of their own thoughts, as well as the way life is viewed by other people; teach them rather how to think rather than what to think; so that they can think for themselves while being aware of the thoughts of other men.
The learning process never ends and the teacher’s aim is to teach people how to teach themselves. Ultimately, we should equip them so that they can continue with their quest for the meaning of life.elenahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07981600886806730443noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1818270809499171676.post-12739961713357932972015-10-30T12:34:00.004-07:002015-10-30T12:34:55.571-07:00ESQUEMA DE ACCIÓN MORAL<iframe width='100%' height='600px' scrolling='no' src='https://www.goconqr.com/es-ES/p/3915037-ACCI-N-MORAL-mind_maps?frame=true' style='border: 1px solid #ccc' allowfullscreen webkitallowfullscreen mozallowfullscreen oallowfullscreen msallowfullscreen></iframe><a href='https://www.goconqr.com/es/mind-maps'>Mapa Mental creado con GoConqr por Elena Perez0280</a>elenahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07981600886806730443noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1818270809499171676.post-37716189726430452792015-10-30T12:34:00.003-07:002015-10-30T12:34:22.423-07:00TIPOS DE PERSONAS<iframe width='100%' height='600px' scrolling='no' src='https://www.goconqr.com/es-ES/p/3917224-TIPOS-DE-PERSONAS-mind_maps?frame=true' style='border: 1px solid #ccc' allowfullscreen webkitallowfullscreen mozallowfullscreen oallowfullscreen msallowfullscreen></iframe><a href='https://www.goconqr.com/es/mind-maps'>Mapa Mental creado con GoConqr por Elena Perez0280</a>elenahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07981600886806730443noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1818270809499171676.post-39196308709969602212015-10-25T12:55:00.002-07:002015-10-25T12:55:49.491-07:00ÉTICA<iframe width='100%' height='600px' scrolling='no' src='https://www.goconqr.com/es-ES/p/3792341-FICHAS-DE-CONCEPTOS-flash_card_decks?frame=true' style='border: 1px solid #ccc' allowfullscreen webkitallowfullscreen mozallowfullscreen oallowfullscreen msallowfullscreen></iframe><a href='https://www.goconqr.com/es/flashcards'>Conjunto de Fichas creado con GoConqr por Elena Perez0280</a>elenahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07981600886806730443noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1818270809499171676.post-3993524748490576622015-10-11T09:52:00.002-07:002015-10-11T09:52:12.411-07:00THE HUNGRY CATERPILLAR<div class="ecxMsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 1.35em;">
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #222222; font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 14pt;">My Spanish friends are quite astonished when I tell them that I get slightly worried when we have an English test. I’ve even got lower marks than my friends at times, despite the fact that I attended an English International School from the age of 5 to 12 and I speak English quite fluently. My parents and teachers are surprised that I never received any English grammar lessons at school!</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #222222; font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 14pt;">I will always be grateful that I went to English school and it does have its advantages; but it also has its downside. I was shocked when I changed into a Spanish secondary school and only got a 7 in my first English language test. What had happened? For a long time I didn’t know, but recently I read a blog by a Chinese boy who was brought up in the USA. His experience reflects my own. The link is below, if you wish to read it.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #222222; font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 14pt;">Now I understand that I was taught English as if I were a native English child. Learning a native language as a young child is a very different process than learning a foreign language as an older child or adult.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #222222; font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 14pt;">Have you ever wondered why it’s so hard to take up a language after you have grown up? It’s because as an adult, you no longer follow the steps that babies do to learn a language. How do babies learn languages? First, they listen, second, they speak. They don’t begin reading or writing until 5 or 6. They learn grammar in what is called an inductive way; </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 14pt;">inducing the rules from exposure to the language in use. I was never taught that you have to put ‘ed’ as a suffix to the verb in the past simple tense. I induced (learnt by absorption) the rule by listening to the spoken language and then I learned the exceptions to the rule. I was never taught to conjugate a verb, nor even the different verb tenses.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 14pt;">The teaching of English language in British and American schools is radically different from that of learning English as a foreign language in other countries. There is a wealth of story books for infants in English and every year new ones appear. There is a long tradition of reading to very young children both in the home and at school.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 14pt;">My first memory of listening to a story in English was when I was only 5. I didn’t speak or understand English at that point, but I understood the story and the pictures; it was the ‘’Hungry Caterpillar’’ by Eric Carle.</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #222222; font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 14pt;"> I didn’t really know that I had started to learn a language. I was just having fun. Language teaching should be entertaining!</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #222222; font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 14pt;">I know that I have great gaps in my knowledge of English, especially of grammar; I think I’ll eventually have to sit down and learn to conjugate verbs properly! But the Hungry Caterpillar remains one of my favourite books! </span></div>
elenahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07981600886806730443noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1818270809499171676.post-81621363210759808932015-09-22T12:22:00.000-07:002015-09-22T12:22:03.825-07:00BEYOND THE SKIN.<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<span style="line-height: 21.3px;">In English there exists a saying; it exists in Spanish too, ‘Don’t judge a book by its cover’. This maxim also applies to people and it is very relevant now-a-days when we have many people with alternative ‘looks’. In the street today you might meet Goths, wearing all black, or you might meet a person covered in tattoos or piercings. It is becoming more acceptable every day.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="line-height: 21.3px;">Make up and piercings can be removed easily but tattoos are permanent. There may come a day in which you might wish that you had not chosen to tattoo your body. Don’t worry, there is a solution, follow this link.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="line-height: 21.3px;">‘Go beyond the cover’ is the slogan for Dermablend Professional a wonder cream that will cover up any tattoo effectively. I love the slogan as it refers to the timeless proverb quoted above, but the video is quite shocking. If you read the comment section you will find that most people found it disturbing. But why?</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="line-height: 21.3px;">In the video we see, in reverse how a young person whose body, head and face which are covered with tattoos are made over with the body foundation. The first image we have of him he seems to be a normal white male adult except for two piercings, but as we see how the make-up is applied his normal image appears. At first glance he appears intimidating, but why? When we first saw him we presumed that this was his ‘normal’ appearance, just another young white male with two piercings.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="line-height: 21.3px;">Maybe what is most disturbing is that our first assumption is proved to be wrong. In some way we have been ‘tricked’. We are made to feel uncomfortable because the information which we have received through our sight perception turns out to be false.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="line-height: 21.3px;">In reality however, it is the <i style="line-height: 21.3px;">values</i> that we have associated with his first appearance that have been prove wrong. It has nothing to do with the information received. In our minds we judge appearances and link ideas with a particular look. We have come to believe that we can trust our eyes.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="line-height: 21.3px;"><span style="background-color: white;">In the end tattoos are just ink, skin deep. The real person is </span><span style="background-color: #fff2cc;">beyond the skin</span><span style="background-color: white;">.</span></span></div>
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elenahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07981600886806730443noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1818270809499171676.post-43013978773869515312015-05-18T10:03:00.000-07:002015-05-18T10:03:56.324-07:00WRITING UNIT 8- REVIEW ABOUT A FILM<div class="ecxMsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 21.2999992370605px; margin-bottom: 1.35em;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="line-height: 21.2999992370605px;">I would highly recommend the film ‘Sherlock Holmes: Game of Shadows’ produced in 2011; it is the sequel of ‘Sherlock Holmes’ produced in 2009. Loosely based on Arthur Conan Doyle’s short story ‘’The Final Problem’,it stars Robert Downey as Sherlock Holmes and Jude Law as Watson. The director of the film is Guy Ritchie, well known for his highly successful films such as gyyg and hkbkgb.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="line-height: 21.2999992370605px;">The film is about the famous detective Sherlock Holmes and his helper Watson as they confront their old enemy Professor Moriarty. It is full of fights and chases and has won an award for the best action/adventure film. </span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="line-height: 21.2999992370605px;">One of the things that I liked most about the film was the soundtrack; it was very similar to the previous film which was nominated for Best Original Score. The designs of the setting of the scenes in London were particularly evocative of Victorian London, creating a realistic atmosphere. The dialogue was very humorous and I loved the interplay between Sherlock and Watson, as Sherlock tries to prevent Watson not to get married. I loved the ending; it was very unexpected and funny.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="line-height: 21.2999992370605px;">In conclusion, the film was great at all levels; the music score,the dialogue, the costumes, the scenes, the action and the stunts. The last scene hints that Sherlock is not in fact dead, and leaves room for a third film.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="line-height: 21.2999992370605px;">I hope it comes soon.</span></div>
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elenahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07981600886806730443noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1818270809499171676.post-12080005833110544442015-05-05T14:13:00.001-07:002015-05-05T14:13:47.473-07:00txt mssage gd or bd?<br />
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18px;">On December 3rd 1992 Neil Papworth, a technician who worked for Vodafone, sent the first text message to his colleague, Richard Jarvis; it read ‘Happy Christmas’. Nowadays nobody would think of writing ‘Christmas’, but would substitute it with the word ‘Xmas’. To begin with these messages were known as ‘telenotes’ but now we call them texts, and trillions are sent around the world every year.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18px;">Text language can be characterised by the lack of punctuation, abbreviation of words, use of initials such as ‘lol’ (meaning laugh out loud) and the use of emoticons; and it is wildly used today, but not without controversy. Many educators and linguists say that text messaging is seriously destroying the capabilities of young people to write correct English. The lack of punctuation and misspelling makes sentences illegible. Proof of this was a well-quoted sentence which appeared in a candidate’s exam:-</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18px;">"My smmr hols wr CWOT. B4, we used 2go2 NY 2C my bro, his GF & thr 3 :- kids FTF. ILNY, it's a gr8 plc."</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18px;">So can you read this? Maybe even young people who are well acquainted with text language might find it difficult to understand. Let me translate.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18px;">‘’My summer holidays were a complete waste of time. We used to go to New York City to see my brother, his girlfriend and their three children face to face. I love New York, it’s a great place.’’</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18px;">I must admit that I occasionally make a slip, and write ‘gonna’ instead of ‘going to’ in formal writing because I habitually use ‘gonna’ in text language. However, usually I am well aware of what is inappropriate language for a formal text is, and what is appropriate for a whatsapp message. I don’t confuse the two, unlike the exam candidate above! I think that most young people can, and do make a clear distinction.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18px;">English is an evolving language. </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18px;">Indeed the very thing that makes English such a powerful and flexible language is that over the centuries it has adopted and borrowed from other languages. English nowadays is very different from 200 years ago and it is still changing. It has become a very dominant language in the world today, probably because of its ability to change. History has shown us that any adaptations only serve to make a language more flexible. So why should we not accept text language?</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black;">Languages are invented for people to communicate. It is always better when a language is convenient to use, and is effective in delivering one's thought. Text language is quick at communication about everyday situations. Formal language can express a depth of ideas and feeling which text language cannot transmit. You cannot write a love letter in text.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18px;">In conclusion text language has its place in today’s society as does formal writing. Long may they both be written!</span></div>
elenahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07981600886806730443noreply@blogger.com0